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ASP.NET PDF Viewer using C#, VB/NET<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <title>Page Title Here</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /> </head> <body> And, at the very least, a typical HTML document would end somewhat like this: 1 1 2 3 In short, you supply two indices as limits for your slice, where the first is inclusive, and the second is exclusive. winforms pdf 417 reader, winforms qr code reader, winforms upc-a reader, winforms data matrix reader, winforms gs1 128, winforms ean 13 reader, itextsharp remove text from pdf c#, pdfsharp replace text c#, winforms code 39 reader, itextsharp remove text from pdf c#,None of this code was included in any of the views you looked at. However, if you use your browser s View Source option while using the Rails application, you can clearly see the header and footer code is present. This is because the views you re using are being rendered inside a layout. In Rails, layouts are special, generic wrapper templates that multiple views can use. Instead of repeating the HTML header and footer code within every view, you can simply embed each view s output into a layout instead. By default, if there s a file with the same name as the current controller in app/views/layouts with an RHTML extension, it s used as a layout. Here are the contents of app/views/layouts/entries.rhtml from your earlier application: 3 <html> <head> <title>Entries: <%= controller.action_name %></title> <%= stylesheet_link_tag 'scaffold' %> </head> <body> <p style="color: green"><%= flash[:notice] %></p> <%= yield </body> </html> %> This layout demonstrates the use of layouts perfectly. It includes the basic HTML header and footer items, but also uses some special Rails code to include the name of the current action, whatever it might be, into the title of the page. It also uses an ActionPack-supplied helper method called stylesheet_link_tag to include a <link> tag that loads the scaffold.css file from public/stylesheets/scaffold.css for use within the page. The <p style="color: green"><%= flash[:notice] %></p> code renders, if present, the contents of flash[:notice], where flash is a special Rails-supplied data store (somewhat like a session) that s used for returning messages that arise during controller actions. Placing this code into the layout rather than the view means that messages raised anywhere within your entries controller will display correctly on any page rendered by the entries controller. Last, the <%= yield %> code yields the rendering process to the view for the current action, so the contents of the current view are rendered at that location. The entries layout is automatically used because its filename is entries.rhtml, so views resulting from an entries controller action automatically use it. However, you can force a view to be displayed without a layout by adding a line at the point of render (that is, in the relevant method or action) in the entries controller, like so: Let s say you want to access the last three elements of numbers (from the previous example). You could do it explicitly, of course: >>> numbers[7:10] [8, 9, 10] Now, the index 10 refers to element 11 which does not exist, but is one step after the last element you want. Got it Now, this is fine, but what if you want to count from the end >>> numbers[-3:-1] [8, 9] It seems you cannot access the last element this way. How about using 0 as the element one step beyond the end >>> numbers[-3:0] [] Not exactly the desired result. In fact, any time the leftmost index in a slice comes later in the sequence than the second one (in this case, the third-to-last coming later than the first), the result is always an empty sequence. Luckily, you can use a shortcut: If the slice continues to the end of the sequence, you may simply leave out the last index: >>> numbers[-3:] [8, 9, 10] The same thing works from the beginning: >>> numbers[:3] [1, 2, 3] In fact, if you want to copy the entire sequence, you may leave out both indices: >>> numbers[:] [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
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